Empirical studies, whilst they reveal particular patterns or processes, do not disprove the existence of others that have not been sought. It is difficult to refute the idea that a city has multiple structures: even in the very focussed area concerned with processes that govern the intra-metropolitan location of high-order services, the processes that govern the location of new-build office space (Lang, 2003) are not necessarily the same as those that govern the location of management consultant employment (Shearmur & Alvergne, 2002), or the same as those that govern the location of head-offices (Jakobsen, 2005).